Price control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price control - Essay Example The opinion of the College of Physicians was based on the fact that it would be better to self-impose limits instead of letting the insurance companies determine the income the industry would generate. In 1989 Argentina impose price controls on all goods and service in an attempt to stop the rampant inflationary forces. The government called the new system "managed prices" and in order to raise prices businesses had to ask permission from the government to do so. Prior to the new rules the price of food items had tripled in the previous weeks. In 1992 China eliminated price controls on food items in a rational move towards moving its economic system to assimilate more a free economy. It eliminated price controls on meats, eggs, and grain. The move hurt the civilian population as the price of meat which was undervalue went up 40% instantly after the government eliminated price controls on food items. At the beginning of the 21st century the Irish government considered imposing price controls on rents and housing prices due to high inflation in this economic sector. In 2001 California and Nevada impose price controls on wholesale electricity prices. The move caused some generators to withhold supplies, which created power shortages that caused stage 2 alerts. The Bush administration through this initiative capped excess profits on energy producers. Price controls are a common practice in the petroleum industry. In 1988 the U.S. government charged the Texaco Corporation with a penalty of $1.25 billion for violations of price ceilings on the sale of wholesale crude oil. Price control regulations have not been effective at maintaining the price of gasoline down in the 21st century. In 1999 the state legislature of the State of Maine was considering either imposing price ceiling on prescription drugs or realizing mass purchases in order to lower the price of medicine for poor people. One of the worst cases of

Slaughter house five Essay Example for Free

Slaughter house five Essay Slaughter house five is a combination of helplessness as everything that happens is destined to happen and the choice to feel good or bad about the events is the curse of human kind. Human life is led under the illusion that there is a choice to stop, prevent or modify the events, while, in reality the only power accorded to man is the power of observation and attaching his emotions to the events that unfold. The explicit message of the book is that Billy Pilgrim has the ruinous capacity of knowing about his entire life but has no power to modify or protect himself from any pre-ordained events. The implicit message seems that there is a scheme to all events in history which has strands from various events leading to it without the individual components or players ever having the complete knowledge of the consequences of their contribution. A survivor’s guilt associated with the autobiographical part of the novel which the author tries to shrug away by the end of the first chapter is actually a clever disguise to mask the coming â€Å"unstuck in time† of Billy Pilgrim. A survivor of one of the most gruesome elements of the world war, paradoxically carried out by the â€Å"white† forces of the allies, Pilgrim suddenly becomes capable of four dimensional thinking and time ceases to be a linear component of his mindscape. It is a whole unit and has no chance of being altered or deciphered. It simply is. As the loud speaker in the trafalmadorian flying saucer answers Well, here we are, Mr. Pilgrim, trapped in the amber of this moment. There is no why. (77) The explicit and the implicit do seem to collude to infer the inevitability of world-historic and human-personal events, an intricately inter twined web which defies reason. Repetition serves more than one purpose in the novel. Billy keeps returning to Dresden, which is a defining moment in his life and the repeated trips to the scenes around the raging massacre is a reinforcement of the effect one singular event can have on the stream of consciousness of a person. Even equipped with the time travelling four dimensional capabilities of trafalmadorians, Billy is unable to escape revisiting his one defining moment. It is left to the reader’s judgment to decipher if there is anything special about these repetitions. Readers are left wondering if Billy is unable to help revisiting this instance or is the author obsessed with this particular phase. The absence of a definitive answer to this question adds to the intrigue behind this repetition. In a novel that takes conventional logic and builds an inverse pyramid around it, it is rather difficult to pick the logical strands of the work. However, there is a sound logic once the framework of such logic is accepted along the lines drawn by the author for Billy Pilgrim. As Billy knows the circumstances of his murder (he sees time as a whole entity and not as a continuous stream which exposes the present in any linear order). This makes him fearless of Paul Lazarro’s claims of revenge in the prison hospital. He already knew that he shall be killed by the same Lazarro, but after many years in a balkanized United States. Once the rules of this specific logic are grasped, then the reading of the novel becomes easier because the irony of any event is that it is pre determined and pans out exactly in the order it has been laid out in the unit of time. The various fears of Billy are brought into the fore through the various times he visits with his unusual prowess. His mother’s weak questioning about her ageing, his father’s crude tactics of teaching him swimming when he was really small by throwing him into the deep side of the pool are efforts at revisiting past fears and future anxieties. The contrast is the switching between past and future. Dresden contrasts with itself on each occasion Billy visits that place. In one instance it is a highly civilized beautiful city, once it is a raging inferno due to allied bombings and Billy, along with other PoWs helps load the corpses. In another instance Dresden is shown as a city with factories that made malt syrup with proteins. The central location of this novel is contrasted with itself multiple times to give a feeling that the various events have changed the feelings Billy has associated with this place though he finds it difficult to explain his anguish related to the most defining moment of his life. There are patterns that Vonnegut plans intricately in the novel. It is the stream of consciousness narrative always told in the past tense, to imply that linearity of events has no bearing on their implications or consequences. Similarly, the apparent lack of credibility to Billy’s philosophy of time, derived from trafalmadorians prowess of time viewing throws up the disenchantment with the existent system. Billy meets his parents, proposes to his lover, attends a conference, sneaks into a radio broadcast and in between all these seems to visit Dresden in various capacities and at various junctures. This seemingly convoluted journey of the protagonist is an attempt to capture the centrality of the defining moment. This is the most obvious pattern that can be deciphered from detailed reading of the novel. Though the novel abounds with suppositions and implausible logic, the one thing it is devoid of is visible anomalies. The perverse logic is consistent throughout an Vonnegut has taken special care for the stream of consciousness narrative to remain unhindered by any anomalies that can affect the flow of the novel or the effect it has on readers expecting a linear story writer. The uninhibited profanity and explicit description of un natural sex in a trafalmadorian cage, and the bristling pace of time travel with an obvious contempt to linearity are actually a scheme to prepare the reader to more readily accept the implicit message that Everything is all right, and everybody has to do exactly what he does. Chapter 9, pg. 198

Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing Comparison

Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing Comparison Jignesh C Doshi Bhushan Trivedi ABSTRACT Business using internet has grown drastically in past decade. Attacks on web application have increased. Web application security is a big challenge for any organizations as result of increasing attacks. There exists different approaches to mitigate various security risks are defensive coding, hardening (Firewall), Monitoring and auditing. This solutions found more towards prevention of attacks or of monitoring types of. Vulnerability assessment and Penetration testing are two approaches widely used by organizations to assess web application security. Both solutions are different and complimentary to each other. In this paper comparison of these two approaches are provided. Authors found that penetration testing is better compare to vulnerability assessment as it exploits vulnerability, while vulnerability assessment is superior in terms of coverage over penetration testing. General Terms Vulnerability Measurement, Penetration Testing Keywords Attack, Vulnerability, Security Risk, VAPT, 1. INTRODUCTION Web application usage has increased as more and more services are available on web. Business using Web applications is also increasing day by day. On other side, web application based attacks have increased. Web application have become main target of attackers. Major impact of attacks is data loss or financial loss or reputation loss. Various types of countermeasures exists to protect system against attacks like defensive coding, firewall, Intrusion detection system etc. [15]. The solution exists in two categories: proactive and reactive. To secure web applications, thorough study of vulnerabilities is required. Study will help in taking effective actions. Vulnerability measurement and Penetration testing are widely used approaches by organizations for web application security assessment. In this paper, authors have compared vulnerability assessment and penetration testing. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Vulnerability assessment is discussed in section 2, Penetration testing is discussed in Section 3. Section 4 describes comparison between vulnerability assessment and penetration testing. Conclusion is described in section 5. 2. Current Web Application Security Trends The number of internet users and websites are increasing rapidly in recent years [9]. Approximately 66% of web applications have problem as per Gartner. According to sophisticated vulnerability assessment tools 60% vulnerabilities can be found in most of web applications [12]. Security measures most commonly applied for web application security are firewalls, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Anti-virus System and defensive coding [14][15]. This solution either requires developer skills or efforts in common [15]. These solutions provide a way to assess system, while organizations need a way to assess security countermeasure assessment. It is also necessary to assess web application periodically against security risks in order to take effective actions. 3. Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in a system. Reasons for vulnerability existence are weak password, coding, input validation, misconfiguration etc. Attacker tries to discover vulnerability and then exploit it. Vulnerability assessment is a proactive and systematic strategy to discover vulnerability. It is used to discover unknown problems in the system. It is also required by industry standard like DSS PCI from compliance point of view. Vulnerability assessment is achieved using scanners. It is a hybrid solution, which combines automated testing with expert analysis. Figure 1: Vulnerability Assessment Process Vulnerability assessment is a one step process ( Refer to figure 1). We will learn more details about vulnerability assessment in section 5. 4. Penetration Testing A penetration testing evaluates the security of a computer system or network by simulating an attack. It is a proactive and systematic approach for security assessment. Figure 1: Penetration Testing Process Penetration testing is a two steps process (refer to figure 2). We will learn more details about penetration in next section. 5. Comparison 5.1 Generic 5.2 Resource Requirements 5.3 Testing 5.4 Results 5.5 Limitations Major limitations of Vulnerability Assessments are: à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cannot identify potential access path à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Provides false positive à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Requires high technical skills for tester à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Hybrid solution à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cannot exploit flaws Major limitations of Penetration testing are: à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Identifies potential access paths à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Identifies only those which poses threats à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · May not identify obvious vulnerability à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cannot provide information about new vulnerabilities à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cannot identify server side vulnerabilities 6. Conclusion With the exception of coverage, penetration testing is superior to vulnerability management. Key benefits of penetration testing over vulnerability assessment are: Technical capability required in penetration testing is low compare to vulnerability assessment Can be used runtime With penetration testing we can detect, confirm and exploit vulnerability. With penetration testing can determine the resulting impact on the organisation. For effective security, it is important to understand vulnerability in details. Both are complimentary strategies to each other and proactive. We suggest to use both together. 7. REFERENCES Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing: http://www.veracode.com/ security/vulnerability-assessment-and-penetration-testing John Barchie, Triware Net world Systems, Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning: http://www.tns.com/PenTestvsVScan.asp Penetration Testing Limits http:// www.praetorian.com/blog/penetration-testing-limits Vulnerability Analysis, http://www.pentest-standard.org/index.php/ Vulnerability Analysis Open Web Application Security Project, https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category: Vulnerability Penetration Testing: http://searchsoftwarequality .techtarget.com/definition/penetration-testing Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing: http://www.aretecon.com/aretesoftwares Ankita Gupta, Kavita, Kirandeep Kaur: Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4 Issue3- 2013, ISSN: 2231-5381 Page 328-330 Konstantinos Xynos, Iain Sutherland, Huw Read, Emlyn Everitt and Andrew J.C. Blyth: PENETRATION TESTING AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: A PROFESSIONAL APPROACH, Originally published in the Proceedings of the 1st International Cyber Resilience Conference, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 23rd August 2010 available at : http://ro.ecu.edu.au/icr/16 You Yu, Yuanyuan Yang, Jian Gu, and Liang Shen, Analysis and Suggestions for the Security of Web Applications,, International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology, 2011, 978-1-4577-1587-7/111, IEEE Andrey Petukhov, Dmitry Kozlov, Detecting Security Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Using Dynamic Analysis with Penetration Testing, https://www.owasp.org/images/3/3e/OWASP-AppSecEU08-Petukhov.pdf accessed on 31st January 2015 Parvin Ami, Ashikali Hasan: Seven Phrase Penetration Testing Model,International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887),Volume 59– No.5, December 2012 Aileen G. Bacudio, Xiaohong Yuan, Bei-Tseng Bill Chu, Monique Jones,an overview of penetration testing, International Journal of Network Security Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.3, No.6, November 2011 DOI :10.5121/ijnsa.2011.3602 Jignesh Doshi, Bhushan Trivedi, Assessment of SQL Injection Solution Approaches, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X 1

Hot 107.1- Interview With A Radio Personality :: essays research papers

When I'm in a car riding down the street there is only one radio station that I really enjoy, KXHT 107.1. The music they play is quite specific. They are a hip-hop and R&B station that plays mostly southeastern groups. Hip-hop is quite new to me having really only gotten into it in the early years of high school were as I liked rock since childhood. It was for this reason and a few others that I decided to interview a personality from Hot 107 as they are nicknamed. Memphis is the first city that I have been to that has a station such as Hot 107 that plays only rap and R&B. Most other places will only have songs that are mainstream and then they are only played on the dance music stations. The other main reason I chose KXHT was its involvement on the campus at the University of Memphis.For my assignment I chose to interview one of the daytime radio personalities named Playboy. Playboy is actually a 25-year-old gentleman by the name of Tre Munson. For his current job, radio personality and promotion assistant, he goes on the road and DJ's for special events both live and not. Most recently he and another disc jockey, Kid Fresh, hosted a step show in front of the UC at the University. He has done parties, concerts, charity events, and many other functions. About two weeks ago he also covered the after party for Method Man and Red Man, two nationally known rap music artists.Though he has only worked at the station for a few years he has already started on his way up the corporate later. When he originally came to the station he did so by the means of simply filling out a job application. He did not meet with success at his first couple of attempts. He actually had to go in and fill out quite a few and after that had to keep calling and pestering them until the finally offered him a job. Not the job he wanted, however, he was first just a support member for a street team. He felt that it was still a good way to get his foot in the door and he would be able to show the station he could do more for them elsewhere.After a few months of street team he was finally selected to become a personality.

Arithmetic Mean and Life Satisfaction

PART A: i) Male: Female: The mean value of life satisfaction for male is about 7. 7459 while for female is 7. 7101, which proves there is no significant different life satisfaction between male and female, thus gender does not affect life satisfaction a lot. But when it comes to sample variance, for male is 2. 5684 while for female is 3. 0081. From this pair of figures it is obvious that the life satisfaction for female is more flexible than male. Man’s life satisfactions are easy to be affected by other variables. I assume â€Å"GENDER† does not affect life satisfaction. ii) Not alone: Alone:The mean value of satisfaction for those who is not alone is about 7. 8055 meanwhile the figure for those who live alone is 7. 32584. There is a big gap between these two data, which implies that â€Å"ALONE† have a significant impact on people life satisfaction. Additionally, sample variance for alone is much higher than for not alone, which implies other variables affect p eople who live alone severely and affect people not alone a little. I assume â€Å"ALONE† affects â€Å"LIFESAT† vitally, since people feel happier when they are accompanied by others but for those who are alone are easy to feel lonely and sad. iii) Income 1: Income 6:The average life satisfaction for people with income level 1 is 7. 4426 while for people with income level 6 is 8. 2069, which means people with high income are more satisfy with their life than those with low income. Furthermore, the sample variance for income 1 is 4. 37941 while for level 6 is only 0. 74138, which tells that people with relatively high income enjoys a relatively stable high life satisfaction. Personally, I reckon that people with high income are happier than those with low income, as they are more capable to purchase what they like which makes people satisfy with their lives. PART B: i) Y=7. 746-0. 036X (gender)For gender, the ? 2 is -0. 036 which means gender has negative relationship with satisfaction. And 0 represents male while 1 means female. Thus when other factors are the same, life satisfaction of female is slightly less than man. The result is not exactly what I have supposed. My prior assumption is ? 2 should be zero in this circumstance. ii) Y=7. 360+0. 008X (age) From this function, age has a positive linear relationship with life satisfaction. As people grow old, they tend to be more satisfied with their life. ?2 is a little bit different from what I expected, as I suppose ? 2 should be a bigger positive number than it is.I reckon that as people grow old they might be easy to feel satisfied about life. For young people they are more likely to be ambitious and do not feel enough about what they have. iii) Y=7. 805-0. 480X (alone) Alone has a negative relationship with life satisfaction, it means people who are alone have less life satisfaction than those accompanied by others. The result is in accordance with what I expected. iv) Y=7. 300+0. 174X (inco me) ?2 is 0. 174 which means as income increase by 1 unit life satisfaction will go up by 0. 174. The more people earned the more satisfied they feel about their life.The result is correspondent with what I expected. PART C: Estimated sample regression function: Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 PART D: i) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*26-0. 3975*1+0. 1986*3 =7. 1134 ii) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*35-0. 3975*0+0. 1986*3 =7. 6639 PART E: Setting religion as another independent variable, â€Å"0† represents no religion and â€Å"1† means having religion.In my opinion, when other variables remains stable people with religion compared with people without religion are more satisfied with their lives, since people with religion have spiritual sustenance. Hours spend on sleep every week can also be set as another independent variable (0? X? 168). I suppose that people who spent more time on sleep will be happier than those got less time on sleep. PART F: Coefficients as calculated in part c: Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 SSE=(Y-YHAT)^2 One example for made up coefficients: As I change the portfolio of coefficient, the new sum of squared residuals ever lower than the original SSE. The coefficients we got by applying the OLS model contributes to the most minor sum of squared residuals. PART G: i) H0: ? 1=0 H1: ? 1? 0 Test statistic: T= (6. 49806173672354-0)/ 0. 199293520416749= 32. 6054842281637 With ? =0. 1. From the t table, value of t with 10% level of significance and (n-7=1660-7=1653) d. f. , the critical value of t is |tc|=1. 645 With ? =0. 05. |tc|=1. 960 With ? =0. 01. |tc|=2. 576 |t|=32. 605>| tc| Reject H0 at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these three level. ii) H0: ? 2=0 H1: ? 2? 0 Test statistic:T=(-0. 0094153888009149-0)/ 0. 00475949120927804= -1. 97823430844052 |t|=|-1. 97823430844052|=1. 97823430844052 |t0. 95, 1653|

Free Essays on Obesity In Children

Childhood Obesity Page 1 Statement of Problem One would never guess by observing the typical American youngster’s eating habits that our society is obsessed with being thin. A common site is a child wolfing down french fries at the local McDonalds, or stuffing themselves with potato chips, ice cream and cookies during long sessions of television watching. As time progresses, our children are becoming less active and healthy, and more into television’s couch potatoes, mindlessly eating whatever junk food is accessible. Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Obesity is present when the total body weight is more than twenty-five percent fat in boys, and more than thirty-two percent fat in girls (Lohman, 1987). Since 1960, the incidence of childhood obesity has increased fifty percent, and about one fifth of American youngsters weigh more than they should. An estimated ten million kids in America are overweight. Obesity is a serious health risk, because it leads to a broad range of physical and psychological problems. Childhood obesity is already the leading cause of sustained high blood pressure in children. (Bruce A. Epstein, M.D., 1993) Although, recent dietary data suggests that the significant increase in obese children is not actually due to an increase in fat consumption. Caloric and fat intake has changed little over time. Statistics now show something that many knew all along. We are becoming a lazy society. Our children are simply taking it to the next level . Instead of favorite activities being bike riding and playing outside with friends, kids now play inside. The favorite games they play now include a hand-held controller attached to the biggest culprit of them all: the television. Obesity is greater among children and adolescents who frequently watch television, and children watch an average of three hours a day (Dietz& Gortmaker, 1985). This is not only due to... Free Essays on Obesity In Children Free Essays on Obesity In Children Childhood Obesity Page 1 Statement of Problem One would never guess by observing the typical American youngster’s eating habits that our society is obsessed with being thin. A common site is a child wolfing down french fries at the local McDonalds, or stuffing themselves with potato chips, ice cream and cookies during long sessions of television watching. As time progresses, our children are becoming less active and healthy, and more into television’s couch potatoes, mindlessly eating whatever junk food is accessible. Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Obesity is present when the total body weight is more than twenty-five percent fat in boys, and more than thirty-two percent fat in girls (Lohman, 1987). Since 1960, the incidence of childhood obesity has increased fifty percent, and about one fifth of American youngsters weigh more than they should. An estimated ten million kids in America are overweight. Obesity is a serious health risk, because it leads to a broad range of physical and psychological problems. Childhood obesity is already the leading cause of sustained high blood pressure in children. (Bruce A. Epstein, M.D., 1993) Although, recent dietary data suggests that the significant increase in obese children is not actually due to an increase in fat consumption. Caloric and fat intake has changed little over time. Statistics now show something that many knew all along. We are becoming a lazy society. Our children are simply taking it to the next level . Instead of favorite activities being bike riding and playing outside with friends, kids now play inside. The favorite games they play now include a hand-held controller attached to the biggest culprit of them all: the television. Obesity is greater among children and adolescents who frequently watch television, and children watch an average of three hours a day (Dietz& Gortmaker, 1985). This is not only due to...